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USEFUL INFORMATION

Linear Measure (Imperial)

1 Inch (72 Points or 12 Lines or 3 Barleycorns)

1 Foot (12 Inches)

1 Cubit [forearm] (18 - 22 Inches)

1Yard (3 Feet)

1 Fathom (6 Feet)

1 Chain [nautical use only] (15 Feet)

1 Cable (100 Fathoms)

1 Pole [sometimes Rod or Perch] (5.5 Yards)

1 Chain [Gunter’s] (4 Poles or 22 Yards)

1 Furlong [‘furrow-long’] (10 Chains or 220 Yards)

1 Statute Mile (8 Furlongs or 1760 Yards)

1 Nautical Mile [one minute or (1.1515 Statute Miles)

sixtieth part of one degree of the

Great Circle of the Earth, fixed

by the British Admiralty at 6080

Feet]

1 League (3 Nautical Miles, sometimes 3 Statute Miles)

Square Measure (Imperial)

1 Perch (1 Square Pole or 30.25 Square Yards)

1 Rood (40 Perches or 1210 Square Yards)

1 Acre [the standard amount of (1 Chain X 1 Furlong or 10 Square Chains or 4 Roods or 4840

land one man could plough in a Square Yards)

day with one horse]

1 Square Mile (640 Acres)

Old Scottish Measure 1 Ell (37.0598 Imperial Inches)

1 Fall (6 Ells)

1 Scottish Chain (4 Falls or 74.1196 Imperial Feet)

1 Scottish Furlong (10 Scottish Chains)

1 Scottish Mile (8 Scottish Furlongs or 1976.5 Imperial Yards or 1.123 Statute Miles)

1 Scottish Acre (40 Square Falls or 1.261 Imperial Acres)

The Metric System is based on the Metre (39.3709 Imperial Inches), which is a ten-millionth part of one quarter of the distance round the world following a meridian (i.e. via both poles).

1 Square Decimetre (100 Square Centimetres)

1 Square Metre [‘Centiare’] (100 Square Decimetres or 10,000 Square Centimetres)

1 Are (100 Square Metres)

1 Hectare (100 Ares or 10,000 Square Metres)

Capacity

1 Fluid Drachm (60 Minims)

1 Fluid Ounce (8 Fluid Drachms)

1 Gill (5 Fluid Ounces)

1 Pint (4 Gills)

1 Quart (2 Pints)

1 Gallon [volume of 10lbs water] (4 Quarts)

1 Peck (2 Gallons)

1 Bushel (8 Gallons)

1 Quarter (8 Bushels)

1 Chaldron (4 Quarters)

1 Last (10 Quarters)

1 Hectolitre is 100 Litres (2.7498 Bushels)

Weight

1 Grain [one dry wheat grain] (0.0648 Gram)

1 Apothecaries’ Scruple (20 Grains)

1 Troy Pennyweight (24 Grains)

1 Apothecaries’ Drachm (3 Scruples or 60 Grains)

1 Ounce [Troy or Apothecaries’] (480 Grains or 20 Troy Pennyweight or 8 Apothecaries’ Drachms, about 1.1 Imperial Ounces)

Imperial (Avoirdupois) Weights 1 Dram (27.34 Grains)

1 Ounce (16 Drams)

1 Pound (16 Ounces)

1 Stone (14 Pounds)

1 Quarter (28 Pounds)

1 Quintal [or Cental] (100 Pounds)

1 Hundredweight (112 Pounds or 8 Stone)

1 Ton (20 Hundredweight)

1 Cubic Centimetre of water weighs 1 Gram

1 Cubic Decimetre [1 Litre] of water weighs 1 Kilogram

1 Cubic Metre [‘Stare’] of water weighs 1 Tonne

Wine Measure

1 Bottle (1 sixth of 1 Gallon or 0.757 Litres)

1 Magnum (2 Bottles)

1 Imperial (8 Bottles)

1 Anker (10 Gallons)

1 Runlet (18 Gallons)

1 Barrel (31.5 Gallons)

1 Tierce (42 Gallons)

1 Hogshead (63 Gallons)

1 Puncheon (2 Tierces or 84 Gallons)

1 Pipe (2 Hogsheads)

1 Tun (2 Pipes)

Beer Measure

1 Firkin (8 Gallons of Ale, 9 of Beer)

1 Kilderkin (18 Gallons)

1 Barrel (36 Gallons)

1 Hogshead (1.5 Barrels or 54 Gallons)

1 Puncheon (72 Gallons)

1 Butt (2 Hogsheads)

1 Tun (2 Butts)

Champagne Bottles

1 Bottle (0.8 Litres)

1 Magnum (2 Bottles)

1 Jereboam (4 Bottles)

1 Rehoboam (6 Bottles)

1 Methuselah (8 Bottles)

1 Salmanazar (12 Bottles)

1 Balthazar (16 Bottles)

1 Nebuchadnezzar (20 Bottles)

Timber

1 Hoppus Foot (about 1 Cubic Foot in the round, under bark; the industry counts about 28 to 1 Cubic Metre)

1 Cord [firewood] (a stack 4 Feet high, 4 Feet across and 8 Feet long, weighing 1.5 Tons fresh or 1 Ton dry)

1 Faggot [branchwood] (a tied bundle 2 Feet in girth and 4.5 Feet long)

1 Cubic Metre of fresh felled timber weighs a little less than 1 Tonne. By comparison, 1 Tonne of harvested wheat occupies 1.35 Cubic Metres, silage 1.3 – 1.4, potatoes 1.55, and a Tonne of dug soil or stone occupies less than half a Cubic Metre.

To Convert Multiply By

Feet to Metres 0.3048

Metres to Feet 3.281

Miles to Kilometres 1.609

Kilometres to Miles 0.6214

Square Feet to Square Metres 0.0929

Square Metres to Square Feet 10.764

Square Miles to Square Kilometres 2.59

Square Kilometres to Square Miles 0.3861

Acres to Hectares 0.4047

Hectares to Acres 2.471

Gallons to Litres 4.546

Litres to Gallons 0.22

Cubic Feet to Cubic Metres 0.0283

Cubic Metres to Cubic Feet 35.31

Pounds to Kilograms 0.4536

Kilograms to Pounds 2.205

Tons to Tonnes 1.016

Tonnes to Tons 0.9842

Degrees Fahrenheit to Centigrade deduct 32 and multiply by 0.5555

Degrees Centigrade to Fahrenheit multiply by 1.8 and add 32

The Standard Quarter Days

England - Lady Day 25th March

Midsummer 24th June

Michaelmas 29th September

Christmas 25th December

Scotland - Candlemas Old Style 13th February

New Style 2nd February

Whit Sunday Old Style 26th May

Newer Style 15th May

Modern* 28th May

Lammas Old Style 12th August

New Style 1st August

Martinmas Old Style 22nd November

Newer Style 11th November

Modern* 28th November

* Term and Quarter Days (Scotland) Act 1990.

Roman Numerals

I (1); V (5); X (10); L (50); C (100); D (500); M (1000).

Mensuration

To set out a right-angle:

Use the 3-4-5 rule. Construct a triangle that has a perpendicular 3 units in length, a base-line of 4 units and a hypotenuse of 5 units; the angle between the perpendicular and the base is 90 degrees.

Alternatively, from the point at which the right-angle is required, measure an equal distance either way along the line to be bisected; then increase the length of your measure (1.5 times the original distance is suitable) and, on the side of the base-line where a perpendicular is required, describe an arc from each of the 2 equidistant points. The point where the arcs cross is at 90 degrees from the starting point.

To find the area:

of a rectangle (or square) multiply the length by the breadth;

of a parallelogram multiply the base by the perpendicular height;

of a rhombus multiply the base by the average of the 2 sides;

of a triangle (the basic shape in land surveying) multiply half the base by the perpendicular height; alternatively, let ‘S’ be half of the sum of the lengths of the 3 sides, the area is the square root of S X (S – side 1) X (S – side 2) X (S – side 3).

Circles:

To find the area multiply the diameter squared by 0.7854, or

the radius squared by pie (about 3.1416), or

the circumference squared by 0.0796, or

the circumference by either one quarter of the diameter or half the radius, or

the radius by the diameter by 1.57.

To find the circumference multiply the diameter by pie (about 3.1416), or

the square root of the area by 3.54.

To find the diameter multiply the circumference by 0.3183, or

the square root of the area by 1.1283.

To find the radius multiply the circumference by 0.1591, or

the square root of the area by 0.564, or

halve the diameter.

The area of an ellipse is the major diameter multiplied by the minor diameter multiplied by 0.7854.

The surface area of a cylinder is the length multiplied by the circumference plus the areas of both ends; its volume is the area of one end multiplied by the length.

The surface area of a sphere is the diameter squared multiplied by 0.5236; its volume is the diameter cubed multiplied by 0.5236.

The surface area of a cone is the area of the base, plus the circumference, multiplied by half the perpendicular height; its volume is the area of the base multiplied by one-third the height.

The volume of a pyramid is found in the same way as a cone; that of a wedge is the area of the base multiplied by half the perpendicular height.

Scottish Executive Property Facts

Of the 78,133 square kilometres that make up Scotland 71% are in agriculture and 17% in forestry; 4,374 vacant and derelict sites make up 110.54 square kilometres (about 0.14% of the land area). The average population density is 66 souls per square kilometre (world range: Macao 23,250; Mongolia 1).

The population is just over 5m and falling by around 7,000 per annum.

The total number of households is expected to rise from 2.28m in 2004 to 2.43m in 2012 and the average household size will fall from 2.2 to 2.0 in the same period. About 64% of the housing stock is owner-occupied, 23% is rented from local authorities and the remainder is privately rented or second homes. Single person households will increase from 34% of the total to 38%; those with two or more adults without children will remain between 41% and 42%; single parent households will rise from 7.1% to 7.7% and family households will fall from 17.3% to 12.4%. About 23,000 new dwellings are being built each year, 78% by the private sector and the remainder by housing associations; public authorities build very few (72 units in 2001) and local authority stock fell from 573,295 units in 1999/00 to 507,473 in 2002/03. The average price of a dwelling (excluding local authority sales) moved from £71,801 in 1999/00 to £77,985 in 2002/03; local authority rents rose from £36.43 to £41.02 per week in the same period.

Property type Location Rent (£/sq ft) Yield (%)

Retail Prime, Edinburgh and Glasgow 215 - 220 5.5 – 5.75

Retail Edinburgh and Glasgow city 150 - 180 6.0

Retail Central Aberdeen 125 - 155 6.0 – 6.25

Retail Best Inverness 105 - 110 6.5 – 6.75

Retail High Street Inverness 75 6.5

Retail Best Dundee and Stirling 95 - 100 6.5 – 6.75

Retail High Street, Perth, Falkirk, Ayr 70 – 80 6.5 – 6.75

Retail High Street, Dumfries, Dunfermline, Kilmarnock 50 – 55 7.0 – 7.5

Warehouse Retail park, Edinburgh 21 – 31 6.0 – 6.25

Warehouse Retail park, Glasgow 17 – 22 6.25

Warehouse Retail park, Dundee 14 – 17 6.75 – 7.0

Warehouse Retail park, Aberdeen 16 – 21 6.5 – 6.75

Warehouse Retail park, Perth 12 – 14 7.0

Leisure Edinburgh and Glasgow 13 – 14 7.0 – 7.25

Leisure Other major centres 10 – 12 7.5

Office Prime open plan, central Edinburgh and Glasgow 22 – 27 6.5

Office Edinburgh and Glasgow city 15 – 20 6.25 – 6.5

Office Business parks, other centres 11 – 21 7.75 – 8.25

Office Central Aberdeen, Perth, Dundee 10 – 15 7.75 – 8.75

Industry Warehouse outside Edinburgh and Glasgow 5 – 6 7.0 – 7.5

Industry Warehouse, other major centre 3 – 5 7.75 – 9.75

Mortgage Table

Annual sum required to redeem £1,000

Years 5% 7.5% 10% 12.5% 15%

5 230.98 247.16 263.80 280.86 298.32

10 129.50 145.68 162.74 180.62 199.25

15 96.35 113.29 131.47 150.77 171.01

20 80.24 98.09 117.46 138.10 159.76

25 70.96 89.71 110.17 131.94 154.70

30 65.05 84.67 106.08 128.76 152.30

Life Tables (English, no. 12)

Age % Surviving Probability of surviving Further life expectancy

another decade (%) for survivors (years)

M F M F M F

10 96.9 97.6 99.25 99.67 60.2 65.8

20 96.3 97.3 98.94 99.43 50.6 55.9

30 95.3 96.8 98.33 98.77 41.1 46.2

40 93.8 95.7 95.57 96.99 31.6 36.7

50 90.1 93.1 86.23 92.82 22.7 27.6

60 78.9 87.0 67.11 81.65 15.1 19.1

70 54.8 72.5 38.66 54.21 9.3 11.8

80 22.9 41.9 11.33 17.96 5.2 6.4

90 3.05 8.78 1.85 2.40 3.0 3.3

100 0.01 0.26 - - 2.0 2.0

Average life expectancy in the UK is 76 (world range: Japan 79; Sierra Leone 43).

Order of Heirs and Successors

1 Eldest son 11 Elder brothers (ascending)

2 Grandson by eldest son 12 Sisters (equally)

3 Granddaughter by eldest son 13 Half brother

4 Younger son 14 Half sister

5 Grandson by younger son 15 Father

6 Granddaughter by younger son 16 Father’s younger brother

7 Daughter 17 Father’s elder brother

8 Daughters’ first-born children (equally) 18 Father’s sister

9 Daughters’ later children 19 Father’s half brother/sister (equally)

10 Younger brothers (descending) 20 Paternal grandfather

· Planning and development

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Scottish Agriculture

Agriculture contributes £1.021 billion to Scotland’s economy (or 1.2% of ‘Gross Value Added’ at basic prices, 2002) and employs about 68,000 (0.027%) of the total Scottish workforce on 50,365 holdings (of which 31,872 are over 5 Ha in size, average 172 Ha). The UK contribution is 0.8% of GVA from 0.018% of the workforce on 311,790 holdings (of which 197,487 are over 5 Ha, average 89 Ha). Average holding size in the EU15 (excluding those below 5 Ha) is 42 Ha. The Scottish food sector employs a further 53,000 and contributes £2.1 billion GVA (with £6.4 billion turnover, or 17.2% of Scottish manufacturing), of which 34% is from whisky, 11% other beverages, 11% fish, 9% meat, 6% dairy products, 3% animal feeds, 2% fruit and vegetables, 1% fats, 1% milling and 22% other food products. While Scottish farming debt rose by £87 million from £1.213 billion in 2001 to £1.3 billion in 2003, investment by borrowing rose by £56 million per year from £136 million to £192 million and the ratio of income from farming (not including subsidies) to bank interest rose from 3.5:1 to 5.6:1, mainly due to the reduced cost of borrowing.

Land use Non-LFA LFA Total Share of output UK comparison

(2003) (16 % of land) (84% of land) (£2.041 million) (£16.482 million)

(Ha) (Ha) (Ha) (%) (%)

Cereals 339,736 93,039 432,775 15.3 14.5

Oilseed Rape 32,996 2,183 35,179 1.7 7.3

Potatoes 26,636 1,826 28,462 5.5 2.9

Other Crops 20,155 23,742 43,867 * *

Set-aside 69,823 20,895 90,719 * *

Fruit/veg 11,631 651 12,282 5.7 12.5

Grass 270,295 982,523 1,252,818 * *

Rough Grazing 52,535 3,260,957 3,313,492 * *

Other Land 56,426 254,461 310,877 * *

Total Land 880,225 4,640,275 5,520,500

Total Crops Output 28.2 37.2

Dairy Cows 65,862 133,415 199,277 12.0 16.4

Other Cattle 455,940 1,292,992 1,748,932 27.3 13.0

All Sheep 710,040 7,330,474 8,040,514 11.4 6.3

All Pigs 407,180 82,134 489,314 3.1 4.2

Poultry 12,065,887 2,443,556 14,509,443 5.6 11.2

Total Livestock Output 59.4 51.1

Other Farming Income 12.4 11.7

100 100

Scottish Subsidies. In the following table NFI is the net farm income of a typical farm before subsidies, which are shown next; the third figure is the subsidy as a percentage of the NFI.

2001/2 2002/3 2003/4

NFI Sub. % NFI Sub. % NFI Sub. %

LFA Sheep 110 20,300 18,500 8,600 25,100 290 9,900 25,500 260

LFA Beef 13,450 30,000 220 12,900 25,900 200 16,100 26,400 160

Cereals 100 21,600 21,600 -1,600 21,900 1,370 17,700 23,800 130

Dairy 32,600 10,100 30 5,100 10,700 210 9,200 10,000 110

Mixed 10,700 35,100 330 9,500 33,200 350 23,900 34,700 150

All 10,500 26,200 250 7,300 25,500 350 17,200 26,500 150

Totals (£ millions)

LFA 62.0 63.5 62.5

Extensification 37.8 34.3 38.7

Cattle schemes 164.9 179.5 180.1

Sheep schemes 43.4 68.5 72.3

Arable Area Payments 121.3 123.0 128.3

Agri-environment 28.6 26.8 26.3

RSS - 3.2 7.2

458.0 498.8 515.4